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A
Acrobat Reader:
It is stand-alone program or web browser plug-in that enables
you to view a PDF files. (Developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated)
Address: Web address or e-mail address is the location of
an Internet resource (web page or e-mail mailbox).
An email address looks something like yourname@yourdomain.com
and a web address looks something like http://www.yourdomain.com.
Add-in: It is a mini program that runs in combination with
the main application (web browser or other application)
in order to improve the functionality of that application.
ActiveX: Set
of technologies and tools from Microsoft Corp. Using programming
languages (Java, Visual Basic, and C++) programmers can
create interactive web content.
ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber
Line): ADSL is connection between two specific locations at much
greater speed than dial up connection. ADSL download speed
can be up to 9 Mbps and upload speeds of up to 640 Kbps.
Anchor: Clicking on anchor hyperlink
takes you to specific part of the Web page.
Anonymous FTP: Anonymous FTP will allow you to log in and
download files from the other computer without having a
personal userid and password. Usually you enter anonymous
as the userid and your email address as the password.
ANSI (American National Standards Institute):It is entity in America primary organization for fostering
the development of technology standards in the U.S.
Applet: It is a small Java program that can be embedded in
a web page. Java applets can perform interactive animations,
immediate calculations, or other simple tasks without having
to send a user request back to the server.
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
- is the most common format for text files in computers
and on the Internet. ASCII files are also known as plain
text files.
Attachment:
Any file attached to an email message is an attachment.
AU: .au - a
common audio file format for UNIX systems.
Auto Responder: Automatically sends
a text file reply when an e-mail is comes to specific electronic
mailbox.
AVI: Audio/Video Interleaved (.avi)- is a sound and motion
picture file that requires a special player, which may be
included with your Web browser, or you’ll have to
download it.
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B
Backbone: It is a larger
line that carries data gathered from smaller lines that
that are connected to it.
Bandwidth: How much stuff you can send / receive through
network connection at given time.
Binary: The system where combinations of 0s and 1s are used
to represent any data stored on a computer.
Bit: It is the smallest unit of computerized
data.
Bitmap File: It is image format (.bmp) defined by a rectangular pattern
of pixels.
BPS: Bits Per Second - It is volume of data that a modem
is able to transmit.
Browser: It is program that runs on a your computer and enables
you to view web pages. Examples include Netscape, Internet
Explorer and Mosaic.
Byte: It is the unit most computers
use to represent a character such as a letter, number, or
typographic symbol. In most computer systems there are eight
bits in a byte, sometimes more, depending on how the measurement
is made.
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C
Cache: It is location in memory where frequently used data
can be stored for quick access. Cache is pronounced CASH.
Certificate Authority:
It is issuer of SSL Certificates. For more info on SSL Certificate
go HERE.
CGI: Common Gateway Interface -is a standard way for a Web
server to pass a Web user's request to an application program
and to receive data back to forward to the user.
Chat: It is system that allows online communication between
Internet users. See IRC.
Client: It is program that connects to and requests information
from a server on another computer.
Cookies: Piece of information delivered from a Web site to
the client's browser, and then stored on the hard drive.
Examples are login or registration information, online “shopping
cart” information, user preferences, etc. Cookies"
can be read by that Web site on the next visit.
Client-Server Protocol: A communication protocol between networked
computers where the services of one computer (the server)
are requested by the other (the client).
Compressed: Data files available for download from the Internet
are typically compacted in order to save server space and
reduce transfer times. Typical file extensions for compressed
files include zip (DOS/Windows) and tar (UNIX).
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D
DES: Data Encryption Standard. A commonly used standard method
used for Encrypting & Decrypting Data. Encryption is
necessary as valuable & sensitive information is often
sent from one computer to another via a network that technically
can be accessed by anybody. It provides a degree of security
should the information fall into the wrong hands. DES was
developed by the US National Institute of Standards &
Technology.
Dial-up Connection: A connection to the Internet via phone
and modem. Connection types include PPP
and SLIP.
Digital Certificates: Digital Ids used to present credentials online.
Digital certificates are issued by companies, which act
as "trusted third parties." In a SET transaction,
the buyer, the merchant and banks for these parties all
have digital certificates.
Digital Wallet: Software that stays resident on the hard drive
of an online shopper. When they are ready to make a purchase,
the "wallet" pops open to reveal payment options.
Some "wallets" hold credit cards with encrypted
information. Other "wallets" hold digital coins.
Direct Connection: A connection made directly to the Internet
- much faster than a dial-up connection.
Discussion Group: A particular section within the USENET system typically, though not always, dedicated to
a particular subject of interest. Also known as a newsgroup.
Disk space: A measure of hard drive
storage, normally measured in megabytes (MB).
Domain: The Internet is divided into smaller sets known as
domains.
Domain Name: Each computer on Internet uses string of numbers
called IP address to identify its location. Domain name
is simple word or expression that is assigned to IP address
so that people can easy remember it. A domain name is essentially
a signpost on the Internet. Every website you've ever been
to, and every email you've ever composed, has used a domain
name in its address. Once a domain name is registered to
a person or company, it is that person's to use exclusively
as long as they continue to pay the yearly renewal fee.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line):
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology for bringing
high-bandwidth information to homes and small businesses
over ordinary telephone line.
Download: The process of copying data file(s) from a remote
computer to a local computer. The opposite action is upload where a local file is copied to a server.
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E
EDI: It is Electronic Data Interchange. EDI provides electronic
formats, which allow for an exchange of business data between
companies over networks. Also known as e-commerce.
E-commerce:
Electronic business transaction conducted via the Internet.
E-mail: Electronic
mail.
E-mail Aliasing:
Enables you to have more than one address for one POP mailbox.
Ethernet: A common
method of networking computers in a LAN.
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F
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions - a collection of frequent
questions and answers on a particular subject.
Fire Wall:
Combination of hardware and software that separates a LAN
into two or more parts for security purposes.
Flame: An insulting message exchanged via email or within
newsgroups. A series of flames are known as flame wars.
Flash (Macromedia):
Flash, a popular authoring software developed by Macromedia
used by web designers for interactive vector graphics with
full-screen navigation interfaces, graphic illustrations,
and simple interactivity.
Freeware: Software that is available for download and unlimited
use without charge. Compare to shareware.
FTP: File Transfer Protocol - a set of rules for exchanging
files between computers via the Internet.
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G
Gateway: Computer hardware and software that allow users
to connect from one network to another.
GIF: Graphics Interchange Format - a common image format.
Most images seen on web pages are GIF files.
Gigabyte: 1,000
or 1,024 megabytes, depending on the method of measurement
used.
Gopher: A system allowing users to search for files via menus
or directory structures. Uses plain English names and is
text based only.
Graphical Usage Statistics: Creates graphs that depict the
amount of traffic to a given site, what documents are being
accessed, and who is accessing them.
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H
Helper Application: A program allowing you to view multimedia
files that your web browser cannot handle internally, such
as images, audio and video files. The file must be downloaded
before it will be displayed/played. Plug-ins
allows you to actually view the file over the Internet without
downloading first.
Hit: When used in reference to the
World Wide web, "hit" means a single request from
a web browser for a single item from a web server.
Home Page: The first page of a Web site. Also, the Web sites
that automatically loads each time you launch your browser.
Host: A company that hosts web sites.
Hosting, shared:
A web server that hosts web sites for multiple customers.
Hosting, web:
The storage of a web site and delivery of that web site
to the Internet.
Hot Java: A Web browser developed by Sun Microsystems that
takes full advantage of applets written
in the Java programming language.
HTML: HyperText Markup Language - a collection of tags typically
used in the development of Web pages.
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol - a set of instructions
for communication between a server and a World Wide Web
client.
Hyperlink: A connection between two anchors.
Clicking on one anchor will take you to the linked anchor.
Can be within the same document/page or two totally different
documents.
Hypertext: A document that contains links to other documents,
commonly seen in Web pages and help files.
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I
Information Superhighway/Infobahn:
The terms were coined to describe a possible upgrade to
the existing Internet through the use of fiber optic and/or
coaxial cable to allow for high-speed data transmission.
This highway does not exist - the Internet of today is not
an information superhighway.
internet (lower case i): Connection
of two or more networks is Internet
Internet (upper case I): The vast
collection of interconnected networks that all use the TCP/IP
protocols and that grew out of the US Defense Department's
ARPANet of the late '60s and early '70s.
Intranet: A network
of linked computers maintained by a company or other organization.
Employees can access information specific to their company
via the intranet.
IP: The Internet Protocol
that allows computers and networks on the Internet to communicate
with one another.
IP Address: Internet Protocol Address - every computer on the Internet
has a unique identifying number, like 64.40.97.167
IRC: Internet Relay Chat - the system allowing Internet users
to conduct online text based communication with one or more
other users.
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network - a system of all
digital, high bandwidth telephone
lines allowing for the simultaneous delivery of audio, video
and data. Data travels at 128K bps.
ISP: Internet Service Provider - usually company that provides
you with a connection to the Internet via either a Dial-up Connection or a Direct Connection but it may be any company that
provides Internet related services.
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J
Java: A programming language originally developed at Sun
Microsystems to create software for consumer electronic
products. Java creates platform independent applications-
it can run on any operating system.
JavaScript: An object-based programming language that allows
for the embedding of Java objects directly in an HTML page.
Netscape 2.0 and all their subsequent browsers can interpret
JavaScript.
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group - format of photographic
image files. JPEG format is preferred to the GIF
format for photographic images as opposed to line art or
simple logo art.
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K
Keyword: Words
and phrases used by search engines to categorize web site
content.
Killfile:
Found within newsreaders, a list
of undesirable authors or threads
to filter out.
Kilobyte: A thousand
bytes.
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L
LAN: Local Area Network - a network of computers confined
within a small area, such as an office building.
Link: Another name for a hyperlink.
Lurking: The act of reading through mail lists and newsgroups without posting any messages. Considered
good netiquette to get the feel of the topic before adding
your own two cents.
Lynx: A popular text (non-graphical) World Wide Web Browser.
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M
Mailing List: A list of email addresses to which messages
are sent. You can subscribe to a mailing lists typically
by sending an email to the contact address with the following
in the body of the message: the word subscribe, the name
of the list, and your email address.
MAN: Metropolitan
Area Network.
Megabyte: A million
bytes.
Merchant Bank: When a credit card authorization is processed,
the first stop is the bank where the online store has a
merchant account. This bank is the merchant's bank.
MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface - a high quality
audio file format.
MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, a protocol for
allowing email messages to contain various types of media
(text, audio, video, images, etc.).
Mirror Site: An Internet site, setup as an alternate to a
busy site; contains copies of all the files stored at the
primary location.
Modem: (MOdulator,
DEModulator) -- A device that allows the computer to connect
to other computers through the phone system.
Mosaic: One of the first graphical World Wide Web browsers
developed at NCSA.
MPEG: Motion Picture Experts Group - a video file format
offering excellent quality in a relatively small file. Video
files found on the Internet are frequently stored in the
MPEG format. Full-length movies (like Top Gun) are available
on CD and are stored in the MPEG format.
Multimedia: A combination of media types on a single document,
including: text, graphics, animation, audio and video.
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N
Nameserver: A computer running a program that converts domain
names into appropriate IP addresses and vice versa.
Netiquette: It is Internet etiquette.
Newbie: A new Internet user.
Newsgroup: A particular section within the USENET system typically, though not always, dedicated to
a particular subject of interest. Also known as discussion
groups.
Newsreader: A program designed for organizing the threads received from a mailing
list or newsgroup.
NCSA: National Center for Supercomputing Applications - an
organization headquartered at the University of Illinois.
Researchers here created the Mosaic
and HTTP server programs.
Network: A system of connected computers exchanging information
with each other. A LAN is a relatively
smaller form of a network in comparison to the Internet,
a worldwide network of computers.
Node: Any single
computer connected to a network.
NT, Microsoft:
A computer operating system by Microsoft Corporation.
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O
Online: When you connect to the Internet, you are online.
Online Service: Services, which provide content to subscribers
and usually connections to the Internet.
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P
Packet: A chunk of data. The TCP/IP protocol breaks large
data files into smaller "packets" for transmission.
When the data reaches its destination, the protocol makes
sure that all packets have arrived without error.
Page: An HTML document, or Web site.
PING: Ping - a program for determining if another computer
is presently connected to the Internet.
Pixel: Short for picture element - the smallest unit of resolution
on a monitor. Commonly used as a unit of measurement.
Plug-In: A small application, which extends the built in capabilities
of your Web browser. Examples include
Macromedia's Shockwave, providing animation, and RealAudio,
offering streamed sound files over the Internet. Compared
to helpers, the multimedia files do not need to
be downloaded before shown or played.
PKZIP: A widely available shareware utility allowing users
to compress and decompress data files. Helps reduce storage
space and transfer times.
POP: Post Office Protocol - a method of storing and returning
email.
Port: That part of a web server that
handles requests for particular services (FTP,
TELNET, WWW). Each of those has its own port number, where it "listens"
for requests.
Portal: Used to describe a web site
that is or is intended to be the first place people see
when using the web. Typically a "portal site"
has a catalogue of web sites, a search engine, or both.
A portal site may also offer e-mail and other service to
entice people to use that site as their main point of entry
to the web.
Post: To send a message to a mailing
list or newsgroup.
PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol - a protocol for converting
a dial-up connection to
a point-to-point connection over the Internet. Frequently
used for accessing the World Wide Web over phone lines.
Considered more stable than a SLIP connection.
Protocol: An agreed upon set of rules by which computers
exchange information.
Provider: An Internet Service Provider, or ISP.
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Q
Queue: A list of email messages that will be distributed
next time you log onto the Internet.
QuickTime: A common video file format created by Apple Computer.
Video files found on the Internet are often stored in the
QuickTime format - they require a special viewer program
for playback.
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R
Real Audio and Real Video:
RealAudio is streaming media technology from Progressive
Networks' RealAudio. A RealAudio / Video player or client
program may come included with a Web browser or can be downloaded
from the RealAudio or other Web sites.
Redundancy: Redundancy is the quality
of a system, an item of information, or a bit that is redundant.
Register:
With shareware, when you contact
the vendor and pay for the product, you are registering.
In return, you will receive either a password to turn off
the nag notices or a copy of the full commercial version.
Robot: A program that automatically searches the World Wide
Web for files.
Router: A special-purpose hardware
or software package that handles the connection between
two or more networks. Routers look at the destination addresses
of the packets of information passing through them and deciding
which route to send them to.
RSA Encryption: Based on a public key system, which means
that every user has 2 digital keys - one to encrypt information,
and the other to decrypt. Authentication of both sender
and recipient is provided with this method.
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S
Search Engine: A tool for searching information on the Internet
by topic.
Server: In general, a server is a computer, or a software
package that provides services to client programs in the
same or other computers.
SET: An acronym for the Secure Electronic Transaction protocol.
It's a means for authenticating credit card purchases on
the Net. All parties use digital signatures. Transaction
information is encrypted using 1024 bit RSA encryption.
SGML: Standard General Markup Language - a standard for markup
languages. HTML is one version of HTML.
Shopping Cart: A piece of software that operates on an online
storefront. The "shopping cart" keeps track of
all the items that a buyer wants to purchase, allowing the
shopper to pay for the whole order at once.
Shell account: An account that gives
access to a UNIX-based host computer. The user can enter
UNIX commands to operate this computer.
Shareware: Software that is available on a free limited trial
basis. Sometimes this is a fully featured product, other
times it lacks some of the features of the commercial version.
If you find the product useful, you are expected to register
the software, for which in return you will receive the full-featured
commercial version.
Signature: A personal tag automatically appended to an email
message. May be short, such as the author's name, or quite
long, such as a favorite quote.
SLIP: Serial Line Internet Protocol - a protocol allowing
you to use a dial-up connection
as an Internet connection. Similar to a PPP
connection, though far less stable.
Smart Card: A credit card sized plastic card with an embedded
microchip. The chip can be "recharged" with funds.
The store of value on the card is debited as a transaction
is made. The card can also store other ID information such
as, health care details and security information.
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - a protocol dictating
how email messages are exchanged over the Internet.
SPAM: Non-Internet: Delicious "meat" in a can!
Internet: Sending multiple, sometimes thousands, of unwelcome
messages to a newsgroup or mailing
list to promote a commercial product or Web site.
S-Mime encryption: Protects the privacy of email. If the sender
and receiver both have email clients that support the S-Mime
protocol, they can communicate with email that is secured.
SSL encryption: Was developed by Netscape to provide data
encryption and authentication of servers or clients. SSL
stands for Secure Sockets Layer. It can be used for any
functions on the Internet- FTP, Usenet or the Web.
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T
T-1: A leased-line
connection capable of carrying data at 1,544,000 bits-per-second.
T-3: A leased-line
connection capable of carrying data at 44,736,000 bits-per-second.
TAR: Tape ARchive - a compression format commonly used in
the transfer and storage of files residing on UNIX computers.
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol -
this protocol is the foundation of the Internet, an agreed
upon set of rules directing computers on how to exchange
information with each other. Other Internet protocols, such
as FTP, Gopher
and HTTP sit on top of TCP/IP.
Telnet: A protocol for logging onto remote computers from
anywhere on the Internet.
Terabyte: 1,000
gigabytes.
Thread: An ongoing message based conversation on a single
subject.
TIFF: Tag Image File Format - a popular graphic image file
format.
Traffic: The amount of data transferred
from one computer to another computer per unit of time.
Normally measured in megabytes (MB). For billing purposes,
traffic is normally quotes in MB per month. Traffic is one
of the variables by which most web hosting companies charge
their customers.
Trolling: Deliberately posting false information in order
to elicit responses from people who really want to help.
A typical response might be, "No, Bart Simpson was
NOT one of our founding fathers."
Truespeech:
high-quality speech compression software that compresses
speech down to as much as 1/40th its original size. Since
regular speech files are normally large, compression using
TrueSpeech enables them to be transferred faster and more
easily.
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U
UNIX: A powerful operating system used on the backbone machines
of the Internet. World Wide Web servers frequently run on
UNIX.
Upload: To copy a file from a local computer connected to
the Internet to a remote computer. Opposite is download.
URL: Uniform Resource Locator - the method by which Internet
sites are addressed. An example would be "http://www.yourname.com".
USENET: Short for User's Network. The collection of the thousands
of bulletin boards residing on the Internet. Each bulletin
board contains discussion groups,
or newsgroups, dedicated to a myriad of topics. Messages
are posted and responded to by readers either as public
or private emails.
UUENCODE (Unix to Unix Encoding):
A method for converting files from Binary to ASCII (text)
so that they can be sent across the Internet via e-mail.
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V
Visit: Synonymous with viewing a World Wide Web site.
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W
WAIS: Wide Area Information Servers - a system of searchable
text databases.
WAN: Wide Area Network - a system of connected computers
spanning a large geographical area.
WAV: Waveform Audio (.wav) - a common audio file format for
DOS/Windows computers.
WEB DEVELOPER:
An individual or company that specializes in the development
of web sites.
WINSOCK: Winsock - a Microsoft Windows DLL file that provides
the interface to TCP/IP services, essentially allowing Windows
to use Web browsers, FTP programs, and others.
WWW: World Wide Web, or simply Web. A subset of the Internet
that uses a combination of text, graphics, audio and video
(multimedia) to provide information on most every subject
imaginable.
WYSIWYG: What
You See Is What You Get.
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X
X-Pixelmap: An uncompressed color image file format (.xpm).
X-Bitmap: An uncompressed black and white image file format
(.xbm).
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Y
Y-modem: This
is a protocol for transferring files during direct dial-up
communications. So named because it builds on the earlier
Xmodem protocol, Ymodem sends data in 1,024-byte blocks
and is consequently faster than Xmodem. However, it doesn't
work well on noisy phone lines, unlike its successor, Zmodem.
Ymodem has undergone a few enhancements: Ymodem-Batch can
send several files in one session; Ymodem-G drops software
error correction, which speeds up the process by leaving
hardware-based error correction in modems.
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Z
ZIP: A compressed file format (.zip). Many files available
on the Internet are compressed or zipped in order to reduce
storage space and transfer times. To uncompress the file,
you need a utility like PKZip (DOS) or WinZip (Windows).
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